Which ethical theory, often associated with Immanuel Kant, judges the morality of an action based on its adherence to rules or duties?

Deontology

Deontology comes from the Greek word 'deon,' meaning duty, and suggests that some actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of their consequences. Kant's 'Categorical Imperative' is a famous example, arguing we should only act on rules that we would want to become universal laws.