Which 5th-century BC conflict pitted the Delian League, led by Athens, against the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta, for hegemony over the Greek world?

Peloponnesian War

The war ended in 404 BC with a Spartan victory and the total collapse of the Athenian empire. The historian Thucydides recorded the conflict in detail, providing a foundational text for political science and history.